Blum, Richard H. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-1423
Mai, Christine L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-5502
Mitchell, John D.
Saddawi-Konefka, Daniel
Cooper, Jeffrey B.
Shorten, George
DunnGalvin, Audrey
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Branta Foundation
The Cathedral Fund
Article History
Received: 22 November 2022
Accepted: 24 July 2023
First Online: 25 August 2023
Declarations
:
: Informed consent was not required for any participant because this study received an exemption and waiver of written informed consent from the Boston Children’s Hospital Institutional Review Board in 2019 under regulation 45 CFR 46.116(c) of The United States Department of Health and Human Services Office for Human Research Protections regulation. This is in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration for human subjects’ protection. It qualifies for exemption because the protocol is limited to activities in which the only involvement of human subjects includes educational tests and survey procedures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.