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Authors
Goudarzi, Houman http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-8917
Onozawa, Masahiro http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-2864
Takahashi, Makoto http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-1224
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2023
Accepted: 12 December 2023
First Online: 17 January 2024
Declarations
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: Approval - Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University (20–040). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Informed consent - After explaining the aim of this study, we asked all second-year medical students in our school to participate in the first lesson of the course. No financial or other incentives were provided for their participation. The questionnaire included an opt-out item for students who did not want to be included in the data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
