Mushy, Stella Emmanuel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-2709
Mkoka, Dickson A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0953
Lukumay, Gift G. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-0161
Massae, Agnes F. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-3741
Rohloff, Corissa T. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-4653
Mgopa, Lucy R. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-8195
Mwakawanga, Dorkasi L. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-4493
Kohli, Nidhi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-2854
Ross, Michael W. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-9989
Mkonyi, Ever http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8189-1295
Trent, Maria http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-5417
Athumani, Kibwanda http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3219-3763
Kulasingam, Shalini http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-9166
Rosser, B. R. Simon http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8862-531X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 R01 HD092655, 1 R01 HD092655)
Article History
Received: 14 September 2023
Accepted: 30 April 2024
First Online: 3 June 2024
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Dr. Trent receives funding from the National Institutes of Health, research supplies from SpeeDx, LLC through a material transfer agreement with Johns Hopkins University, and serves as a consultant to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Church and Dwight, Inc for the Trojan Sexual Health Advisory Council for unrelated work. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: The MUHAS ethics board (DA.282/298/01. C), the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board (STUDY00006904), and the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR/HQ/R.8 A/VOL. IX/3020), Tanzania, approved this study. Participants were told that participation in the research study was voluntary and that they could withdraw from the study at any time. Each participant signed a written informed consent form approving their participation in the study. Participants’ information was deidentified and stored in a password-protected personal computer. In addition, all experiments were performed under relevant guidelines and regulations.