Mushy, Stella Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-2709
Mkoka, Dickson A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-0953
Lukumay, Gift G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-0161
Massae, Agnes F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-3741
Rohloff, Corissa T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-4653
Mgopa, Lucy R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-8195
Mwakawanga, Dorkasi L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-4493
Kohli, Nidhi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-2854
Ross, Michael W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-9989
Mkonyi, Ever https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8189-1295
Trent, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-5417
Athumani, Kibwanda https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3219-3763
Kulasingam, Shalini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-9166
Rosser, B. R. Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8862-531X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 R01 HD092655)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1 R01 HD092655)
Article History
Received: 14 September 2023
Accepted: 30 April 2024
First Online: 3 June 2024
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Dr. Trent receives funding from the National Institutes of Health, research supplies from SpeeDx, LLC through a material transfer agreement with Johns Hopkins University, and serves as a consultant to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Church and Dwight, Inc for the Trojan Sexual Health Advisory Council for unrelated work. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: The MUHAS ethics board (DA.282/298/01. C), the University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board (STUDY00006904), and the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR/HQ/R.8 A/VOL. IX/3020), Tanzania, approved this study. Participants were told that participation in the research study was voluntary and that they could withdraw from the study at any time. Each participant signed a written informed consent form approving their participation in the study. Participants’ information was deidentified and stored in a password-protected personal computer. In addition, all experiments were performed under relevant guidelines and regulations.