Wang, Xiaoran
Liu, Jiangheng
Jia, Shuwei
Hou, Chunmei
Jiao, Runsheng
Yan, Yan
Ma, Tengchuang
Zhang, Ying
Liu, Yanyan
Wen, Haixia
Wang, Yu-Feng
Zhu, Hui
Liu, Xiao-Yu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Teaching Reform Project of Heilongjiang Province Education Department (SJGY20210529, SJGY20220279, SJGY20210530, SJGY20220276)
Key commissioned project of educational science research of Harbin Medical University (XWT202215)
Key Project of “14th Five-Year” Plan of Heilongjiang Province Education Science (GJB1423200, GJB1423199)
Medical Education Research Projects of Medical Education Branch of the Chinese Medical Association (2023B085)
Article History
Received: 10 April 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2024
First Online: 12 July 2024
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Department of Physiology at Harbin Medical University. The procedures of this study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. This project was deemed non-human-subjects research by the Institutional Review Board of the Harbin Medical University according to “ethical review measures for life sciences and medical research involving human beings” (Order No. 11 of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, December 2016). Due to the online survey approach, the written informed consent could not be received. Therefore, verbal informed consent for survey was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Harbin Medical University and obtained from each participate. All data collected from the participants were kept anonymous to protect their privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The funding bodies supporting the execution of the designed study did not directly participate in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.