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Authors
Tzamaras, Haroula
Sinz, Elizabeth
Yang, Michael
Ng, Phillip
Moore, Jason
Miller, Scarlett
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (RO1HL127316)
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2024
Accepted: 4 July 2024
First Online: 26 August 2024
Declarations
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: All experimental protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Penn State University. All participants in this study were over 18 and provided informed consent for this study, as per the IRB approved protocol. The participants elected to participate in this study as part of their required residency training. Before giving consent, residents were informed that the study was to “compare the learning gains on central venous catheterization (CVC) insertion procedures of first year residents” the data would be used to “guide the development of better training systems for central venous catheterization.” The decision to use existing data to analyze self-efficacy differences between men and women was made post hoc.”
: Not applicable.
: Two of the authors (Drs. Miller and Moore) are listed as inventors for the DHRT system on a patent (United States Patent No. US 11,373,553 B2, approved June 28, 2022). Additionally, Drs. Miller and Moore own equity in Medulate, which has an interest in this project. Dr. Miller and Moore’s ownership in this company has been reviewed by the University’s Individual Conflict of Interest Committee and is currently being managed by the University.
