Tsui, Leo
Huang, Yule
Lei, Yihan
Wang, Jin
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences (CFDY20240060)
Article History
Received: 23 April 2024
Accepted: 8 July 2024
First Online: 16 July 2024
Declarations
:
: The surveys were conducted via the Xuexitong app, without any dependence on semester grades or graduation status. The app obtained approval for online teaching from the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China on December 24, 2019 (Teaching APP Preparation number 1100163). Adhering to national laws and institutional guidelines, ethical approval was not considered mandatory for the app’s sanctioned use in managing attendance, exams, questionnaires, and related activities. Additionally, according to the “Management Measures for the Record Filing of Education Mobile Internet Application Programs” issued by the Ministry of Education in China, as well as the announcement “Announcement of the List of 476 New Education App Records,” the use of the data from the approved Xuexitong app did not require ethical or other relevant approvals. It is important to note that our study did not involve the use of human samples or conduct human experiments, and the collection of app data was conducted in accordance with the aforementioned regulations, thereby exempting it from ethical review.
: All participants were orally informed about the anonymization and delinking of their questionnaire data, which would be exclusively used for educational research purposes. They willingly consented to complete time-course questionnaires during different intervals of the class, fully understanding that those who opted not to participate would be exempt from the questionnaire.
: The manuscript contained no individual person’s data in any form. Moreover, all authors of the study have consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.