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Article History

Received: 16 May 2024

Accepted: 31 July 2024

First Online: 6 August 2024

Declarations

:

: This study involved the retrospective analysis of preclinical course data for 2nd year medical students from a four-year AFMC (Association of Faculties of Medicine in Canada) accredited allopathic undergraduate medical program in Canada. Ethics approval was secured through the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board (Ethics #: HS25704). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Health Research Ethics Board. Instead, student consent was “implied” as the reporting and analysis of course grades and end-of-course survey data is fully automated and governed by strict standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the medical program which ensures that all course data is de-identified.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.