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Article History

Received: 22 October 2024

Accepted: 31 December 2024

First Online: 4 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable according to the Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) as per Common Rule Guidelines Below:Common Rule 2018 Requirements:This is supported by Subpart A of Basic HHS Policy for Protection of Human Research Subjects under 46.104 as below:(1) Research, conducted in established or commonly accepted educational settings, that specifically involves normal educational practices that are not likely to adversely impact students’ opportunity to learn required educational content or the assessment of educators who provide instruction. This includes most research on regular and special education instructional strategies, and research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques, curricula, or classroom management methods.(2) Research that only includes interactions involving educational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey procedures, interview procedures, or observation of public behavior (including visual or auditory recording) if at least one of the following criteria is met:(i) The information obtained is recorded by the investigator in such a manner that the identity of the human subjects cannot readily be ascertained, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects.(ii) Any disclosure of the human subjects’ responses outside the research would not reasonably place the subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects’ financial standing, employability, educational advancement, or reputation; or(iii) The information obtained is recorded by the investigator in such a manner that the identity of the human subjects can readily be ascertained, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects, and an IRB conducts a limited IRB review to make the determination required by §46.111(a)(7).

: Figures 1 and 2 were used with permission from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME).

: The authors declare no competing interests.