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Authors
Hadi, Yasser H.
Aljuaid, Mahmoud H.
Alotaibi, Nourah A.
Altalhi, Fatimah K.
Ali, Hussam M.
Alrefaei, Mosaab G.
Abu Aqil, Abdulrahman I.
Fagiry, Moram A.
Osman, Hamid
Mahmoud, Mustafa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University Higher Education Fund for funding this research work under Research Support Program for Central labs at King Khalid University (CL/PRI/B/8)
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2024
Accepted: 19 March 2025
First Online: 27 March 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, under authorization number 23-1068. Additionally, all subjects willingly supplied written informed consent. The study adheres to the ethical standards outlined in the 2013 Helsinki Declaration. We provided a clear and concise explanation of the study’s goals to all participants. The study ensured the privacy and anonymity of each participant, with no disclosure of their information and equal consideration for all individuals. Voluntary participation was required. The participant is entitled to withdraw at any moment without incurring any penalties. The utilization of an encoded questionnaire does not compromise the privacy and confidentiality of the participant, and we intentionally address concerns regarding privacy. The participant is entitled to receive the benefits of the researcher’s (authors’) knowledge and expertise.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
