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Article History

Received: 3 October 2024

Accepted: 26 March 2025

First Online: 12 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declared no conflict of interest.

: The Ethics Review Committee of Guizhou Medical University granted permission to conduct the study (Reference No. 2022 − 273). Participation in the survey was entirely voluntary, and data was collected anonymously.All participants provided informed consent, willingly and voluntarily, before participating in the study.The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Guizhou Medical University Nursing Special Project (YJ22002).

: Not applicable.