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Article History

Received: 5 September 2024

Accepted: 22 April 2025

First Online: 1 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine at the Medical University of Vienna and the Vienna University Hospital after obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna (Ethik-Kommission der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Chairperson Martin Brunner) and its Data Protection Committee (Number 1694/2021 on December 23, 2021). Informed consent was required from all the trainees included in the study. However, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent from the patients whose data was retrospectively analysed.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.