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Authors
Ahmed, Muhannad Bushra Masaad https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1549-8155
Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6224-485X
Gasmalha, Moram Elfadel Abdelrhaman https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1101-4698
Abdalla, Olla Zuhair Elamin
Ahmed, Safinat Hassan Mohammed
Mohammed, Blsam Abdelmoneam Ahmed
Ebrahim, Rabaa Alamein Omer
Abdeen, Maab Hisham Saeed
Babiker, Esraa Obeid Mohammed
Ahmed, Tasneem Abdelgader Abdelrhman
Ahmed, Alkhansa Ahmed Osman
Ahmed, Doaa Salaheldin Mohamed
Mubashir, Muhammad
Ahmed, Sohaib Mohammed Mokhtar https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2824-4642
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2024
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 14 May 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Gadarif University (Approval No.: GU/FM/REC/Q3.11.24.4). The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring respect for participants’ rights and dignity. The findings and methodology of this study were meticulously reported in the manuscript in accordance with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Informed written consent was then acquired from every participant after thoroughly explaining the research purpose, with the option to withdraw from the study at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
