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Authors
Han, Jeong-won https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-8327
Park, Junhee
Lee, Hanna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4717
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Kore (2022R1I1A3072862)
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2024
Accepted: 8 May 2025
First Online: 2 June 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures in this prospective study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Dongnam Health University Institutional Review Board’s (IRB) guidelines. The study received approval under IRB No. 1044371-202109-HR-005-01. All participants, who were 18 years or older, provided informed consent before participating in the study. The informed consent process ensured that participants fully understood the nature of the study, that their participation was voluntary, and the potential risks and benefits involved. Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Written consent was obtained before their inclusion in the study, and the documentation, including signatures, adhered to the procedures approved by the Dongnam Health University IRB. For the retrospective component of this study, which involved the analysis of medical records or archived samples, we confirm that all procedures were conducted in compliance with the ethical standards and guidelines set by the Dongnam Health University’s IRB. All data were obtained from fully anonymized medical records, and the de-identification process was rigorously implemented to protect patient privacy. No identifiable information was accessed during the data analysis. In addition to the institutional ethical standards, all procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed written consent to participate was obtained from all students, and participation was voluntary. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants to publish the data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
