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Authors
Murad, Amal A.
Sawalha, Murad A.
Maabreh, Roqia Saleem
Elsabagh, Eman E.
Roque, Mark Y.
Alharbi, Muna
Abdelkader, Raghad
Saleh, Zyad T.
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2025
Accepted: 30 May 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from Taibah University’s IRB (Approval #: 2023/2024-43), adhering to the Declaration of Helsinki and HIPAA guidelines. Informed consent was secured, ensuring voluntary participation and confidentiality through anonymization. Participants could withdraw anytime without consequences. Data was securely stored, with identifying information removed during analysis, maintaining ethical integrity and privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
