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Article History

Received: 9 January 2025

Accepted: 12 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to the standards of good clinical practice, ensuring the rights, safety, and well-being of all study subjects. The study protocol received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC) of HCTM UKM (registration number JEP-2023-529). Strict confidentiality of all patient information was maintained throughout the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, with each questionnaire assigned a research number to ensure anonymity and confidentiality. Data were presented in aggregate form, and no financial incentives were provided for participation. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, who retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.