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Article History

Received: 8 December 2024

Accepted: 9 July 2025

First Online: 25 July 2025

Declarations

:

: We have submitted the application to the Ethics Committee of Wangjing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the committee deemed it unnecessary in accordance with national regulations. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the “Science and Technology Progress Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (Trial)” (Decree No. 11 of the National Health and Family Planning Commission), research projects that do not involve human experimentation, disclosure of personal privacy, or collection of sensitive data may be exempted from ethical review. This study is a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of teaching methods, which does not involve any form of invasive procedures or data collection on human subjects, and all teaching activities are conducted within a legal and compliant framework. Therefore, based on relevant national regulations, this study does not require ethical approval. Although this study did not need undergo ethical approval, this study strictly adheres to the principles and spirit of the Helsinki Declaration, ensuring that the rights and well-being of all participants are fully respected and protected. We ensure that all teaching activities are conducted within a legal and compliant framework and did not cause any form of harm or discomfort to the participants. Prior to the commencement of this study, the research purposes, methods, potential risks, and benefits were explained in detail to all participants, and written informed consent was obtained from each of them. Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, and their withdrawal will not have any negative impact on their academic performance or training opportunities.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.