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Authors
Yamamoto, Yu
Hatakeyama, Shuji
Matsumura, Masami
Koike, Soichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants (21IA2005, 21IA2005, 21IA2005)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 16 July 2025
First Online: 20 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Jichi Medical University Ethics Review Committee (approval number 22–143) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. It followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Participation was voluntary, with clear disclosure that the results might potentially be utilized by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW), health science researchers, and local governments. Informed consent to participate was not individually obtained; however, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the Jichi Medical University Ethics Review Committee, as the purpose and use of the data were clearly stated in the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
