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Authors
Amadi, Sidney Moses
Vadher, Rakshit
Mandizadza, Oscar
Qi, Chen
Kivai, Joan Ruth Waeni
Drame, Boubacar Sidiki Ibrahim
Koné, Cheick Ahmed Tidiane
Wang, Zhifei
Zhu, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration (2024ZL011)
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital. Local facilitation was provided by the University of Nairobi and the China Medical Team in Mali. As this was an anonymous, non-clinical online survey collecting perspectives from medical professionals and not sensitive patient information or data directly affecting patient lives, separate formal IRB submission was not mandated consistent with local institutional policies. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.Participants were informed about the study’s purpose, voluntary nature of participation, anonymity, and data confidentiality before proceeding with the questionnaire; consent was implied by voluntary completion and submission of the survey.
: Not applicable as this manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: Not applicable
