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Authors
Shiezadeh, Farid
Moghadasin, Maryam
Mastour, Haniye
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (4032133)
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Article History
Received: 11 December 2024
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Approval ID: IR.MUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1403.169). All participants provided written informed consent. The CBCT scans used to create the 3D-printed models were fully anonymized and obtained from a previously approved repository of educational cases. No identifiable patient data were shared, and all data handling adhered to institutional and national data protection regulations. All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
