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Article History

Received: 15 April 2025

Accepted: 8 August 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

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: Camilla Rams Rathleff (CRR): Camilla Rams Rathleff is a Ph.D. student at Aalborg University, Denmark. Her background for entering the Ph.D. position was an evolving curiosity in exploring the combination of her experience and competencies from the field of clinical education at Aalborg University Hospital and her master’s degree, in Clinical Science and Technology (2016).Her most recent position was as a clinical educator for physiotherapy students in an acute hospital setting. Her Ph.D. project will focus on facilitating collaborative competencies among medical students by technology.John Vergel (JV): John Vergel is an associate professor at Universidad del Rosario Medical School, Colombia. His research interests include Health Literacy and Narrative Inquiry in MedEd. His work examines medical students and teachers’ subjective experiences in the practice of curriculum integration reforms and how curriculum integration promotes students’ clinical reasoning.Thomas Ryberg (TR): Thomas Ryberg is Professor of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and digital learning and director of Institute for Advanced Study in PBL (IAS PBL) at Aalborg University, Denmark. His primary research interests are within the fields of Networked Learning and PBL. In particular, he is interested in PBL and how new media and technologies transform our ways of thinking about and designing for networked and hybrid learning. He is co-chair of the International Networked Learning Conference (https://www.networkedlearning.aau.dk/) and co-editor of the Springer book series ‘Research in Networked Learning’. Jette Kolding Kristensen (JKK): Jette Kolding Kristensen is a clinical professor at the Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark. Throughout her career, Jette Kolding Kristensen has alternated between clinical appointments alongside a university career. Her research deals with the identification, monitoring and management of chronic diseases such as Type-2 diabetes and thyroid diseases. In addition, she works with quality development, development of clinical guidelines and registry research. For a number of years, she has been head of studies at the medicine program at a PBL university working with PBL in a case context. Cases where the students integrate theoretical knowledge with clinical thinking. In particular, she is interested in how new technologies interfere with students learning and interaction with patients, other students, and healthcare professionals.Patrik Kjærsdam Telléus (PKT): Patrik Kjærsdam Telléus is an associate professor at the Department of Health Science and Technology and at the Institute for Advanced Study in PBL (IAS PBL) at Aalborg University, Denmark. With a starting point in philosophy primarily analytical philosophy, he conducts research in subjects within medical ethics as well as medical and healthcare education, science, and profession.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: February 7, 2024, the protocol was pre-registered at Open Science Framework (DOI: ).