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Article History

Received: 19 January 2025

Accepted: 19 August 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Khyber Medical University - Institute of Health Professions Education & Research, Peshawar, Pakistan (reference number: 1–12/IHPER/MHPE/KMU/23 − 17). All methods were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations or the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were given a clear and thorough explanation of the study’s purpose, what their involvement would entail, and their rights as participants. They were reassured that they could withdraw at any point without any consequences.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.