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Authors
Shoaib, Lily Azura
Rohani, Maryani Mohamed
Safii, Syarida Hasnur
Idris, Norisma
Hussin, Ruhaya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaya Research Grant (GPF012E-2019)
Universiti Malaya Research Grant (GPF012E-2019)
Universiti Malaya Research Grant (GPF012E-2019)
Universiti Malaya Research Grant (GPF012E-2019)
Dental Postgraduate Research Grant Universiti Malaya (DPRG/ 26 / 2021)
Dental Postgraduate Research Grant Universiti Malaya (DPRG/ 26 / 2021)
Dental Postgraduate Research Grant Universiti Malaya (DPRG/ 26 / 2021)
Dental Postgraduate Research Grant Universiti Malaya (DPRG/ 26 / 2021)
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Article History
Received: 22 March 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya DF CD2117/0050/2174(L).
: Online Informed written consent for participation in the study and publication of the data for research and educational purposes were obtained from all student participants of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
