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Article History

Received: 24 April 2025

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from multiple bodies. The study was first reviewed and approved by the Moray House School of Education and Sport Ethics Committee at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and was deemed to fall under Level 1 of the ethics screening process (i.e., low risk, not requiring formal committee review).Subsequently, ethical approval was secured from the Research and Ethical Review Committee at the Ministry of Health, Oman (Reference No. MoH/DGPS/CSR/PROPOSAL_APPROVED/38/10230), and from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee at Sultan Qaboos University (Reference No. SQU_EC 077/16).All participants were provided with a detailed participant information sheet, outlining the study purpose, voluntary nature of participation, and the measures taken to ensure confidentiality and data security. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed that they could withdraw at any time and that their identities would remain anonymous through the use of pseudonyms.Digital recordings, consent forms, and transcripts were securely stored in password-protected files and in locked cabinets, and data handling was conducted in compliance with the UK Data Protection Act (2018) and the University of Edinburgh’s Data Protection Policy.

: All participants gave informed consent for their anonymized quotations and contributions to be published in academic outputs resulting from this research.

: The authors declare no competing interests.