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Article History

Received: 20 November 2024

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the institutional teaching and research office of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The research involved no patients and posed no risk of physical or psychological harm. As the study involved routine educational evaluation and did not collect sensitive personal data, it was exempt from full review by the institutional ethics committee, and no formal approval number was issued.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.