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Authors
Mengyu, Chen
Dan, Fan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science Research Planning Project of Qiqihar City (QSX2023-27JL)
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University (Clinical Trial Number: Lun Jiao Review (2023) 02 No. 4). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating clinical interns, who fully understood the research objectives, procedures, and potential risks, and voluntarily agreed to participate. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions.
: All authors confirm that they have obtained publication consent from all individual participants included in the study, and no personally identifiable information (such as patient names or portraits) is included in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
