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Authors
Antoun, Ibrahim
Barakat, Osama
Soqia, Jameel
Sultana, Batoul
Al-shafie, Mohammed
Ali, Batoul
Mahfoud, Amal
Layton, Georgia R.
Zakkar, Mustafa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
British Heart Foundation (CH/12/1/29419)
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR203327)
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethical Committee of Aleppo University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Syria, granted ethical approval to conduct this study, with the reference number 140,724 − 275. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained electronically through the first item of the questionnaire (‘Do you agree to participate?’). Only those who selected ‘Yes’ were able to proceed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
