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Article History

Received: 6 May 2025

Accepted: 3 September 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Permission to conduct the study was granted by the institutional ethical committees from the Addis Ababa University emergency department. under College of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (Ref. No. 559/2015).

: Not applicable.

: None of the authors has any competing interests to disclose. We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position on issues involved in ethical publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.