Zeng, Yanglin
Wang, Ya
Dong, Bo
Liu, Liu
Cao, Yubin
Huang, Dingming
Wang, Shida
Zheng, Qinghua
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research and Develop Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University (RD-03-202407)
Innovative Experimental Program for Undergraduate Universities by the Education Department of Sichuan Province ([2024] 45)
Sichuan University Research Project on Novel Experimental Technologies in Artificial Intelligence (SCU2024048)
Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (WCHSIRB-D-2024–373), as in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.