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Authors
Lu, Jiaxuan
Wu, Ruixue
Zhu, Ling
Zhao, Linlin
Zhao, Wei
Ma, Lan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Undergraduate Education Quality Program of Sun Yat-Sen University (87000-12253001)
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Article History
Received: 27 April 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
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: was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University (Institutional Review Board no. KQEC-2025-038-01). Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. This study followed the ethical principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki for human subjects.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
