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Authors
Jaehn, Malvin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1355-6485
Hissbach, Johanna https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4776-5228
Frickhoeffer, Madita
Weppert, Daniel
Zimmerhofer, Alexander
Hampe, Wolfgang
Kadmon, Martina
Becker, Nicolas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Universität Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2024
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 23 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University Heidelberg (S-765/2018) as well as the Hamburg Psychological Ethics Committee at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (LPEK-0042). The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
: Not applicable.
: MF, DW, and AZ are working for the ITB Consulting GmbH, the company that is developing the Test for Medical Studies (TMS) evaluated in this article. JH and WH are working for the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, the institution that is developing the Hamburg Assessment for Medical Studies, Natural Sciences (HAM-Nat) evaluated in this article. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
