He, Qian https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3393-1723
Li, Jiahao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6796-0637
Xiao, Ye
Tian, Jingjing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1396-0986
Mao, Ningbo
Lu, Sheng
Zhang, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9342
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Social Development Special Project (202403AC100003)
the Undergraduate Education And Teaching Reform Project (2022z1gc0110)
the Undergraduate Education And Teaching Reform Project (2022z1gc0110)
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB4700700)
the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-C-035)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20672)
Article History
Received: 16 February 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was deemed exempt by the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (K5533-K24C0630) and The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU1AF2024LSYY-097). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed that they could withdraw at any time without consequences.
: This study does not include any identifying images or personal or clinical details of participants that compromise anonymity. Therefore, consent for publication was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.