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Article History

Received: 1 April 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Sudan Medical Specialisation Board Ethical Committee, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Ref 2020/3, revised 2008) []. Participants received detailed information about the study, and written informed consent was secured from all.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.