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Authors
Fujikawa, Hirohisa
Tamune, Hidetaka
Nishizaki, Yuji
Shikino, Kiyoshi
Shimizu, Taro
Yamamoto, Yu
Sekine, Miwa
Nagasaki, Kazuya
Kobayashi, Hiroyuki
Tokuda, Yasuharu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24K20148)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2024
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines. Prior to participation in the study, all participants were asked to read a description of the study and provide informed consent. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Japan Institute for Advancement of Medical Education Program (JAMEP) (23–29).
: Not applicable.
: HT, KS, TS, and YY received an honorarium from JAMEP as examination preparers of the GM-ITE. KS and HK received an honorarium from JAMEP as a speaker for a JAMEP lecture. YN received an honorarium from JAMEP as a GM-ITE project manager. YT is the director of JAMEP and received an honorarium from JAMEP as a speaker for a JAMEP lecture. Otherwise, the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
