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Authors
Ryan, Jessica M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6161-9630
Eppich, Walter
Kavanagh, Dara O.
Simiceva, Anastasija
MRCSI, Tom V. McIntyre
McNamara, Deborah A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bon Secours Hospital in Dublin, Ireland (22253A02, 22253A02, 22253A02)
Medical Protection Society (MPS) Foundation (24416A001, 24416A001, 24416A001, 24416A001)
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Declarations
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: Prospective approval for this quality improvement initiative was obtained from the Audit and Quality departments of Beaumont Hospital (CA2023/136) and Tallaght University Hospital (3714). The teaching activities described here were mandated as part of quality improvement initiatives within the institutions, and as part of intern education. In accordance with national and European law regarding the conduct of clinical audit (the Data Protection Act (2018) and Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council) explicit consent was not required from participants. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
