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Authors
Badakhshan, Reza
Badakhshan, Saeed
Bagheriyeh, Farzaneh
Hosseinzadegan, Fariba
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (IR.UMSU.REC.1402.002). The study followed accepted ethical standards, as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. From March to June 2023, eligible faculty members were approached to participate in the study. Prior to their involvement, the purpose of the study and instructions for completing the questionnaire were explained to them, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. To ensure confidentiality, the survey was conducted anonymously, safeguarding the privacy of the respondents.Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
