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Authors
Abu Bakar, Noraini
Roslan, Nurhanis Syazni
Yusoff, Muhammad Saiful Bahri
Hassan, Mohamed Ibrahim Abu
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (HREC), under the reference code: USM/JEPeM/KK/24030224 and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
