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Authors
Sun, Jiyu
Zhang, Xidan
Qin, Ziqi
Tang, Zihua
Ruan, Yifeng
Shen, Yifei
Zhu, Zhuoli
Yu, Haiyang
Shen, Jiefei
Gan, Xueqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370935)
Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program Grant (2023YFS0244)
Clinical Research Project Funded by West China Stomatological Hospital of Sichuan University (LCYJ-MS-202302)
Research Project on Graduate Education and Teaching Reform of Sichuan University (GSSCU2024105)
the Key Research and Development Support Program of the Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau (2024-YF05-00505-SN)
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (WCHSIRB-D-2023-387-R1). Participants provided informed consent prior to participation, ensuring their rights and confidentiality were safeguarded throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
