Kassab, Salah Eldin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-1996
Rathan, Ramya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9412-5194
Taylor, David CM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-2963
Hamouri, Shadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-9514
Hamdy, Hossam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6139
Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) at Gulf Medical University (IRB-COM-FAC-100-Feb-2025) and conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Prior to data collection, all students filled an online informed consent and a detailed information sheet explaining the purpose of the research, potential benefits and ensuring that participation is voluntary and the right to refuse participation or to withdraw without any reasons and without any negative consequences. Confidentiality was ensured by keeping the questionnaire anonymous and avoiding mentioning any identifying features of the participants. Finally, one of the author’s contact pieces of information was available for the participants to provide any needed clarification.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.