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Authors
Zhang, Yan
Nie, Shuai
Dai, Yanmei
Yan, Yingbin
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The participants provided informed written consent, and the study followed the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital (PH2024-B-018).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
