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Article History

Received: 13 June 2025

Accepted: 11 October 2025

First Online: 4 December 2025

Declarations

:

: In this study, all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study has been reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Afiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University (approval number: IRB2024094). And written informed consents had been obtained from all the included nurses.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.