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Authors
Maghbouli, Nastaran
Azizi, Fatemeh
Behkam, Shadab
Pourhassan, Saeed
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Article History
Received: 8 February 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: According to the Declaration of Helsinki, ethical principles were followed in all research stages. The TUMS ethical committee approved the study with the given ethical code IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1401.454. Participation was voluntary, accompanied by a clear explanation of the study’s objectives and a guarantee that it would not impact grades or professional standing. In focus groups, participants were informed of the study’s purpose, and their voices were recorded with informed consent. No identifiers were used from the recordings, and all data were stored securely. To minimize the risk of retaliation, responses were anonymized at the point of collection, and results were reported in aggregate form only, ensuring that no individual participant or institution could be identified.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
