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Article History

Received: 27 November 2024

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 18 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki (adopted in 1964). In this study, all data have been completely anonymization. Using the anonymously processed data for educative research, Osaka Dental University ethics committee does not require for ethics approval. Therefore in the current study, ethics approval is exempted. Under the act on the protection of personal information of Japan (Act No. 57 of 2003), report of scientific research using anonymously processed information are permitted and consent to participates are deemed unnecessary.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.