Ali, Hiba Mohamed Hassan Mohamed
Hamza, Mohamed Isam Mirghani
Osman, Basil Amir AbdElmoniem
Ali, Raouf Wahab
Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was ethically approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology (UST), and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Written permission was also obtained from UST Dental Teaching Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from each student and participant before they filled out the questionnaire. Participants’ privacy and confidentiality were assured, and the data were analyzed anonymously.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.