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Authors
Nafea, Ebtihaj Talal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-5603
Alhussin, Ali Muhammed
Alkuhayli, Saad Abdulkarim
Aljohani, Mohammed Omar
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1031-13-447)
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Article History
Received: 14 June 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at Taibah University (Approval No. TUCDREC/091224/ENafea) on December 9, 2024. Participation was entirely voluntary, and all responses were collected anonymously. Informed consent was obtained electronically from each participant after they were briefed on the study’s objectives, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality of their responses.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
