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Authors
Khalil, Khadija A.
Ahmed, Weam Mohamed Meargni
Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M.
Eltom, Nashwa Awad
Elbadawi, Mohamed H.
Babiker, Mohaned Ali Bala
Alshafee, Abozaid Abdalbasit A.
Gismelseed, Mashair Mohamed
Mohamed, Sojood Hassan Abdalla
Omer, Alaa T.
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2024
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study’s ethical approval was obtained from the Health-Sector Ethical Review Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, on December 11, 2023, under approval number 70 − 23. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. All participants in this study provided written informed consent before participation after a detailed explanation of the study’s purpose, with participants given the freedom to withdraw from the study at any time. This to ensure confidentiality, anonymity and rights among participants with respondents can be accessible by the authors of this study only.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
