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Authors
Uehara, Takanori https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-5799
Sakai, Ikuko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-0331
Usui, Izumi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-3023
Ohira, Yoshiyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-3611
Okubo, Masato https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9601-5773
Ishii, Itsuko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0683-6701
Asahina, Mayumi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-4334
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chiba University President's Fund
JSPS KAKENHI Grant (17K08902)
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2024
Accepted: 2 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Chiba University School of Nursing (No. 27, Nov 16th, 2015). We provided each student with a document explaining the ethical considerations of the study. Participants provided informed consent before participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
