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Authors
Alshehri, Ghadah H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7807-4470
Alohali, Noura A.
Eldesouky, Eman D.
Khawagi, Wael Y.
Bannan, Douha F.
Assiri, Ghadah A.
Alghamdi, Ahlam
Alsharif, Alaa A.
Binsuwaidan, Reem
Alrossies, Amani S. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5358-0305
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2025R352)
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study adhered to ethical guidelines and maintained participant confidentiality. Informed consent was obtained from students via a prompt presented after the study overview, allowing them to indicate their willingness to participate. Ethical approval was exempted by an institutional review board (IRB) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, under IRB reference number HAP-01-R-059 dated May 30, 2024. The study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical standards and regulations (e.g., the Declaration of Helsinki).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
