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Authors
Chen, Wenhu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-8466
Du, Peng
Li, Xiaoyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7723-249X
Wang, Lifang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-2739
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the 14th Five-Year Plan Second Batch of Provincial Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project (JGBA2024648)
Zhejiang Provincial Excellent Online Open Course Project of Biochemistry
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study involved routine educational practice and the anonymous analysis of students’ academic performance. The Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Medical College reviewed the study protocol and granted an ethics approval waiver, as formal approval was not required for this type of educational research. Participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained from all students, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participating students provided written informed consent prior to inclusion in the study. Participation was voluntary and students were informed that their academic evaluation would not be affected by their decision to participate or not.
