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Article History

Received: 1 July 2024

Accepted: 16 November 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was based on questionnaires sent to the heads of the simulation centers; therefore, neither patients nor the public were involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting or dissemination plans of this research. Ethics approval for this study was not required as determined by the Shanghai Jiaotong University school of Medicine, Renji Hospital Ethics Committee. The reference number for this decision is EX-2024-004.We obtained informed consent from all the individuals who took part in the study. Participants expressed their consent by filling out and returning the questionnaire, which contained a statement notifying them that their response indicated their agreement to take part in the study.They were also made aware that they could withdraw from the study at any time without incurring any consequences. All contributors mentioned in the research paper remain unidentified.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.