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Authors
Minja, Irene Kida
Sirili, Nathanael
Hamad, Ali Khamis
Tarimo, Edith
Mloka, Doreen
Macfarlane, Sarah
O’Sullivan, Patricia
Mselle, Lilian Teddy
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
Fogarty International Center – National Institute of Health (1R25TW011227-01)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki ( ). Before data collection, ethical approval from MUHAS Research Ethics Committee (MUHAS-REC) was granted (Ref. No. DA/282/298/01.C). Furthermore, permissions to carry out the study from each institution’s administration were obtained, and all participants provided written informed consent before the interviews were conducted. To ensure data confidentiality, all information collected including audio-recorded interviews and transcripts were stored in computers with a password that only researchers had access to the data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
